I'd be surprised if Facebook ever deletes anything like this voluntarily. Most likely "deleting the number" just means hiding it and using it only of ad targeting and more subtle forms of profile matching.
They'll pay a fine, perhaps, but it's not like Mark Zuckerberg will be laying in a gutter pissing blood.
Regardless, you can't put the cat back in the bag. Bad actors will still have scrapped your number, or way too much personal identifying information, anyway.
I should add that removing the phone number didn't actually delete the number from my profile (who could have known?). You have to go into the Mobile tab and remove the phone number again.
All this despite me reluctantly adding my phone number just for 2FA. Dark patterns throughout the website.