Analyzing Xbox serial numbers
pagetable.com
pagetable.com
Seems to be pretty common to store this information in "plain text" in the serial number. I'm sure it has advantages over just giving every product a UUID and having a lookup in a database somewhere, perhaps in doing product recalls - you can specify a range of numbers that are affected?
This particular bit of research sounds like it then could be used (in conjunction with some ongoing data-gathering) to predict sales / units manufactured in advance of Microsoft's quarterly reports.
That type of information is very valuable to the right parties, which is why my friend's team was quite highly paid.