But GDPR is mostly not about fines, but about the rights of citizen (/consumers) to get information, request deletion, etc. Citizen can file lawsuits in their local courts. It's somewhat improbable (as in: it has never happened) for the EU to disregard a judgement, just like the US government complies with adverse judgements by the Supreme Court.
https://ico.org.uk/action-weve-taken/enforcement/?facet_type...
I did not dispute this. I merely said enforcement is usually not accomplished via fines when targeted against government bodies, because those are inherently expected to comply without the necessity of threats.
Skimming two of the linked pdfs, these did not mention fines.
I read a while ago about a fight between two cars of the latter two types, at the end of which they gave each other a ticket and left.
Anyway, a federal agency, state, or elected official may get in trouble, but that would not then bubble up to the entire federal government.
IANAL, but I believe it is possible to sue the "entire federal government." When someone commits a federal crime, the paperwork reads "United States vs. {$alleged_miscreant}." So it seems to me that the opposite should also be possible.
There are limited instances were congress has waived immunity through legislation.
"Sinds 25 mei 2018 moeten overheden, bedrijfsleven en verenigingen voldoen aan de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming (AVG)."
meaning:
"Since 25 May 2018, governments, businesses and associations must comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (AVG)."
There's an option to be exempt. In Belgium the government is exempt. As consequence the Belgium government has been sued for being exempt(see https://www.tijd.be/ondernemen/algemeen/werkgevers-dienen-kl..., use google translate).