I use Fastmail and, yes, you can reply from the aliases, including anything-you-want catch-alls. Unlike the grandparent, I use a subdomain because setting star@example.com as a catch-all seems to invite staggering amount of spam.

I set star@hi.example.com as a catch-all and then have a rule that, unless otherwise categorized elsewhere, anything sent to star@hi.example.com is automatically filed into a "Catch-All" folder.

With Fastmail, I can set a reply address that matches any of my aliases and * (star) works as expected, it matches anything, so I can just create a sending identity in Thunderbird as, say, mybank@hi.example.com without having to go into Fastmail's control panel and do anything else.

I do this on my home email server via Thunderbird. There is a plugin here: https://www.absorb.it/virtual-id that lets you put in an arbitrary from address (as long as your server will accept it.)