The way I look at it a lot of what we logically think of as the network layer often exists in userspace anyhow. That's the point of DPDK/snabb/netmap and other kinds of driver bypass.

The important design distinction about the layers is what element has access to what data. (e.g. routers need to see IP addresses to do their job, port numbers help kernels segment permission models, etc..) The rest of it is just about logical models, real-world workarounds, and luck...

HTTP/3 will be able to get high bandwidth, buttery responsive restarts to connections far too long idle to keep "open" because it integrates security, application, and transport. That's thoughtful design, not a workaround.

I'm going to paraphrase (and maybe bungle, because I don't have it at hand) from my favorite networking book of all time - the underappreciated _Network Algorithmics_ by George Varghese. He describes layers as a lovely way to model and think about a protocol or design, but often a terrible way to build one. I've spent a lot of time thinking about that, and I think QUIC gets it right - the layers are clear in how they inter-relate but they do so without being independent.