I can't help but think the same is true of AI or any technology that could be used for good or bad.
We spend a lot of time trying to control the tools, but less time trying to improve culture and ethics of the operator.
Probably because politicians are more aware of the realities of _current_ human nature rather than some future hypothetical that may never happen at all.
Also there's an important point to be made that the powers that actually owned the majority of nuclear arsenal on the planet had enough missiles to destroy most of the human civilization.
How do you make the majority of the society believe in the same social goals without resorting to tales a-la Christianity during the fall of Roman Empire?
You'll either need to make the whole of the humanity live in the sorts of Star Trek universe, where everyone is equally educated and is equally capable to critical thinking.
Or you end up with the same system where the majority of people are obliged to give their absolute trust to the minority.
In my opinion this is the key question.: How do we get everybody on board with e.g. UN Sustainable Development Goals[1] or something like them?
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals