Here payment card fees are also far far lower because we don't have a credit card mentality of always seeking that tiny percent cashback, so these are much rarer in Europe. We also have banks themselves competing with Visa and MasterCard, for example in Belgium with bancontact. The banks offer merchants even lower fees for these.
So yes in some worlds the fees are passed down to the consumers. In other worlds, you have the United States.
But I don't think I've ever seen them used on foreign stores.
Also: Local merchants here tend to use local payment service providers instead of Stripe etc. as the merchants need support for local payment methods, like "bank buttons" which have traditionally been the most common payment method (and much cheaper to merchant than cards).
I highly doubt that 25% is anywhere close to the long-term impact, but any fraud detection that increases friction decreases the number of impulse purchases. If it's not clear that reduced fraud creates a bigger benefit than lost purchases the industry won't implement it. Add the sometimes weird incentives (chargeback fees etc) and something that's beneficial to the consumer might never be implemented willingly by payment providers.
If the friction from better fraud detection reduces impulse purchases it might be detrimental