Here's a specific example. Claim A: "If nothing is wrong with your experiment or analysis, you will observe that the speed of light in a vacuum is the same in all inertial reference frames up to experimental uncertainty." Claim B: "If nothing is wrong with your experiment or analysis, you will observe that the speed of light in a vacuum is different in every inertial reference frame up to experimental uncertainty."
Every experimentalist realizes that their real result is "I didn't make a mistake -> the answer is X," not "the answer is X." That's the correct way to encode an experiment in logic, leaving aside the high sophistication of how "I didn't make a mistake" gets treated in practice.