To varying degrees depending on the library, I believe the answer is "yes, they sometimes do". Angular and Ember at least have systems for batching user interactions, which translate into model updates, and thus potentially DOM updates. I believe the respective systems for handling this are called Zone and Backburner for Angular and Ember, but I've been out of touch with those projects for a couple of years.
There's definitely a trade-off, however. They make a huge difference for noisy events (like mouse move, scrolling, dragging, etc), but tend to make debugging much harder in my experience. When things go wrong, the stack traces nest deeply into the event handling systems and code paths no longer resemble the relatively straightforward world of traditional event calls, where a callback handler is invoked directly in response to a single event.