Your issue lies with international extradition treaties it seems.
If Alice in Canada, a Canadian citizen and permanent resident, tells Bob in the US that thepiratebay lets them download copyrighted content, can the US request extradition of Alice from Canada and charge them with US crimes?
Basically everyone in the world can be subject to US Law, set by a government they didn't vote for.
0. Country A has an extradition treaty with country B.
1. Break a law in Country A that is also a law in Country B but the effects of breaking that law happen in country B.
2. Courts in Country A decide whether the extradition treaty applies.
3. If it's a citizen that breaks the law there are a myriad of ways for Country A to say no. If It's a non-citizen then they get exported with a quickness, usually.
Countries like Iceland usually say no to the US, see: Bobby Fischer. Other countries vary quite a lot.
Someone correct me if I'm wrong but most countries only extradite their own citizens (sometimes or never) in the case where laws are broken in both countries and there's a ton of political pressure. It's not completely willy nilly though it's worse than I'd like.