Apparently the Chicago Sun-Times does on its website, as do many other sites. " :: " is a simple visual separator that makes it clear that what's intended is not just a colon. It also prevents any confusion that can arise when you use a single colon or an em-dash as the title/site separator and then use the same punctuation element within a title.
'::' is not a punctuation symbol, at least not in English. It is two of the same symbol (colon) in succession.
Now in Hebrew, it may be considered a single symbol (though a cursory google makes me think Paamayim Nekudotayim might just be the Hebrew term for 'double-colon'). If Paamayim Nekudotayim were a single symbol in Hebrew, the term has certainly not migrated to English, at least outside the PHP community.
In programming languages, it is commonly used as a scope resolution operator, and dates back to C++ at least. In PHP, they often call it Paamayim Nekudotayim. But this does not mean that you would be correct to come across the syntax in a C++ source file and call it Paamayim Nekudotayim.
So to summarize:
- it is not a punctuation symbol - if it were, it would not be called that in English - it very likely isnt a single symbol in Hebrew - it is the scope resolution operator is _some_ languages - in those languages, it is not called Paamayim Nekudotayim, except in PHP.
(and after that rant, I fully expect to be proved wrong on some of those claims, which I will deserve).