reading these make me feel like i don’t know much about programming :D
a) Eben Upton's write-up on "Raspberry Pi and Spectre/Meltdown" gives a very nice overview of the main features of modern processors - https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/why-raspberry-pi-isnt-vulne...
b) Inside the Machine: An Illustrated Introduction to Microprocessors and Computer Architecture by Jon Stokes.
c) Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective by Bryant and O'Hallaron.
d) Modern Processor Design: Fundamentals of Superscalar Processors by Shen and Lipasti