> this makes me think that telomeres are not the main cause of aging-related death
That's an interesting argument, but couldn't you use the same reasoning to argue that telomeres are the main cause of aging-related death? The mental model I'm thinking is: As you run out of telomeres, you get diseases and you can't reproduce - and that’s maladaptive. So there’s evolutionary pressure to slow down the shortening rate, up to the point where you have children (plus grandchildren in the case of humans). When you're living long enough to have one or two generations of offspring, there’s no more pressure to correct the telomere problem.
Wouldn't your argument and mine be equally consistent with the featured article (that shortening rate predicts life span)?