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Shading 1% of the area of Earth would mean an 'umbrella' of the size of roughly 1.5 million square kilometers. A mylar foil at 10g/m² would weigh 12 million metric tons. With SpaceX' Starship's proposed >100t to low earth orbit, that would mean over 100,000 launches. That's difficult.

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There are small scale tests being performed to spray chemicals into the atmosphere that would reflect heat. I hope it works and they can verify there won't be any negative consequences.

I get laughed at when I say this, but I'd dump billions into DARPA for researching this. Since its DARPA, you can call it defense spending to appease the elephants. I'd charge them with finding a way to "scoop" the CO2 out of the atmosphere. Somehow splitting it into carbon and oxygen. I envision thousands of solar powered flyers destroying CO2 some day.

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