Over at Rosettacode they already ported a lot of stuff in a huge number of languages.

https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Category:Programming_Tasks

As for books, I liked a lot Niklaus Wirth's "Algorithms + data structures = programs" a couple geological eras back. The book was written with Pascal in mind before the OOP era, but given Pascal's simplicity its examples can be easily translated in other languages. I'd consider more modern books if I knew any; the very few I've briefly skimmed in the past seem either too advanced or too abstract.

That is basically what The Art of Computer Programming by Donald Knuth is and I cant recommend the books enough.

Isn't that pretty much what CLRS is for?

If you don't know Lisp, it would be basically a pseudocode in prefix notation for you.

It takes some time to get used to reading s-expressions, but it's not that hard at all.

Pseudocode isn't perfect though. It's prone to off-by-one errors among other issues. You end up having to describe the specifics of your "flavour" of pseudocode and at that point you've just made a language.. except it's not well thought out and isn't executable anywhere.

TL,DR Just use a language designed for readability, like Python.

The idea of this book is not be a 10th version explaining the same algorithms. It is as more about how to implement those algorithms for real — production-level stuff, so to say. And pseudocode isn't an implementation language, you will not face the same difficulties, and not get to feel the tools

Something like CRLS? That is fairly implementable pseudocode, but maybe still too hand wavey at times.

My thought exactly. Lisp is probably okay (if not even one of the better choices) to get the general message transferred, though.