Dropping in on Gottfried Leibniz (2013)
blog.stephenwolfram.com
blog.stephenwolfram.com
A side note, from some discussion of ethnomathematics over the years, many are surprised to hear that one of Leibniz's contributions as a state philosopher was proposing policies such as the "Egyptian Plan" to Louis XIV with addendums bearing titles that speak to a particular world-view.
Example : "A Method to Institute a New, Invincible Militia That Can Subjugate the Entire Earth, Easily Seize Control over Egypt or Establish American Colonies". Essentially he wanted to take remote islands, clear them of their population, inhabit them with what he considered to be "a fine bunch of subhuman beasts" - being people orphaned from their respective regions and raised in military tradition towards perfect subservience to their masters.
That's not the whole story: Leibniz was asked once to develop military rations, and suggested to use zwieback (rusk?). That's why Bahlsen named his biscuits "Leibniz Keks". And "keks", which is now a standard word in German for biscuits, is just a phonetic spelling of English "cakes". Interestingly, "keks" is singular, and the plural is "kekse". There was actually a discussion at the beginning of the 20th century (when the word was accepted to enter the Duden dictionary) that the correct singular version should be "kek" (phonetic spelling of "cake").
Norwegian = Kjeks
Danish = Kiks
Swedish = Kex (Because swedes are weird)
Same thing in Russian.
More interestingly, it also happened with other loanwords, even with newer ones: e.g.
* бакс = bucks (a dollar) -> plural баксы
* памперс = pampers (diaper, genericized) -> plural памперсы
* чипс = chips (potato chip) -> plural чипсы
My guess is that the word was loaned in its plural form, that form was modified to have the "right" ending, and a singular was backformed from that. Like boots -> бутсы (no singular form.. yet).