If the pathological culture is being established from the top, probably not.
But with principled leadership and monitoring, guidance, and procedures from HR, a great deal of this (and the legal, risk, and financial pain resulting) can be avoided, or at least, caught early.
Compared to how it manifests without HR constraints, boy it absolutely does. Are there examples of these bad behaviors in big companies? Sure, and that’s hardly the point.
Do you actually have figures to back that up? HR's job is primarily to support the currently existing power structure.