IRS budget cuts cost $34.3B in lost revenue from big business
accountingtoday.com
accountingtoday.com
Also unmentioned is the very real negative externalities that IRS audits cause. Audits disproportionately affect poor people [2], who are also the least able to spend time dealing with them. The United States already has extremely low tax evasion rates [3]. Rather than spending money to catch more of the very few cheaters by audits, other country's tax authorities have found "nudge" letters were found to be similarly effective and vastly cheaper.
[1] https://www.aaajournals.org/doi/abs/10.2308/accr-52520?utm_s...
[2] https://projects.propublica.org/graphics/eitc-audit
[3] https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Size-and-development-of-...
> For those making less than $25,000, the audit rate fell 0.02% (to .69%) from 2017 to 2018.
Frankly, for it to be significantly above 0 seems grossly inefficient. I would assume that average rate of return for public money spent on auditing a millionaire is... a fair bit higher than that spent auditing someone earning 25k.
Millionaires have access to lawyers and tax accountants and are more difficult to pin down.
A poor person can easily be bullied to handing everything over to the IRS -- probably with just a few mean letters.
Since you can claim self-employment income without documentation, regular audits are necessary to prove actual income. It's also common for people to claim children who don't truly qualify; again, this would only be provable through actual audits.
In contrast, the average middle-class taxpayer tends to have both less built-in incentive to game the system and less flexibility (as most of their income will be documented to the IRS).
To defend the IRS a bit more: this program is in some ways an administrative model. Taxpayers don't need to prove any need to claim the credit. There aren't multiple rounds of paperwork, and, if you aren't audited, the only interfacing you have to do with the bureaucracy is in submitting your tax return, and you'll have money deposited in your bank account in a week. It may be the most effective welfare program, even accounting for audits (many of which are triggered by obvious red flags) in its ratio of benefits to "hoops needed to jump through."
Whereas rich people have complicated forms, requiring more man-hours and actual human eyeballs to get involved.
That's why it happens. Not sure why you disagree, these are facts.
If we stopped auditing those with AGIs less than $25,000, then all I’d have to do is take enough deductions (retirement contributions, unreimbursed business expenses, medical expenses, loss from property sales, tuition, etc) to get my AGI below $25,000 and I’d never have to worry about being audited.
Ever.
One way to significantly reduce your taxes is to lower your AGI. So if anything, the lower AGIs would be a good place to start looking for tax cheats.
What else in life works that way?
Wow, they used to audit 1/3rd of all filers in $10 mil/year bracket? I guess at that level, there aren't too many people with W2 form.
That's not a strong argument against audits. I'd just take that to mean the IRS should mainly audit people or businesses based by how large the underreporting was.
I hope their internal models take into account the cost of an audit which finds nothing, both to the IRS themselves, but also to the audited and their family.
In fact, to make incentives align, maybe they should even pay those who are audited and end up owing nothing.
Pretty much only form letters should be used for low income people.
It's critical that taxes be enforced uniformly and in every case.
The poor can’t afford to do anything but not pay tax, the rich can pay for all kinds of tricks to hide their money from the government while paying some paltry, but still seemingly legit, portion of tax.
A good friend was a specialist in a few tax evasion schemes used by real estate developers and a few other more obscure areas with similar methods. Basically, there were about 50 people nationally doing this in the early 90s, but the program was defunded over time and when he retired, there were 4. He spent about 60% of his time flying all over the country to testifying in court. Today there is nobody, the last guy retired last year.
By my friend's reckoning, his direct work accounted for $100M in recovered revenue per year. Some big cases were multiples of that. They have models that show the deterrent effect that enforcement has -- that $100M in recovery may deter $1B in undetected fraud. That is money being stolen from the treasury.
Actually, that is money being stolen by the treasury from the business owner.
How would you effectively pay for services that maintain the community behind the scenes, i.e. police and fire department? Swipe a card every time they show up?
How would we pay for the military without taxes? Just sell contracts to private security firms? How do we hold those firms accountable when they commit war crimes, as we recently saw from a former Blackwater contractor[1]? But then how do we pay for the justice system to hold those accountable if not through tax revenue? Make it so only those who can pay can participate?
0: https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-hanford-cost-20161216-s...
1: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/14/us/politics/blackwater-ni...
Also, you are overestimating my desire to pay for foreign military adventures. Your point about the police is actually great: the quality of customer service is so bad, racist and ineffective, that if they were a private enterprise, they'd have gone bankrupt.
Generally, I'm not saying the govt should have no role in things, I'm just in favor of reducing its current involvement by about 80%, along with the productivity it robs from workers and business.
So, no, you can't "just leave" if you don't like it.
Failure to pay taxes is illegal, not theft.
Theft is stealing the property of another. If income is the product of your physical labor, and the state owns your productive output (making tax avoidance theft, as you propose) then you are a slave.
Such people really need to get a sense of proportion.
The destitute, despised, downtrodden guy who slaves away to support their family by mowing your lawn, picking apples for you, driving you somewhere, or serving you your burger is not your enemy.
I noticed from her Facebook page that she owned a ranching operation, so I searched her name in the EWG Farm Subsidy Database and saw that she and her husband had received $18k in subsidies in 2018, and nearly $250k since 1995.
I'm just trying to figure out if it's hypocrisy or selfishness.
If so, I don't agree.
Simplifying tax code will go much further than trying to staff up IRS. My 2c.
Everyone wants to lower their own taxes by raising everyone else's taxes.
100 people in a room will have 100 different way to change the tax system, and every proposal will have 99 votes against it.
This is not at all true.
It breeds sociopathy among the executive class that doesn't need any help in that department while encouraging nonproductive "investment".
That said, the absurd complexity of the tax code is also a problem here, since you don't want the government doling out bankruptcy-inducing penalties on businesses that might just be making an honest mistake. The whole system clearly needs an overhaul. It should be simple enough that when a business severely underpays, it will be very likely that they did so on purpose, and therefore a large, deterrent-worthy penalty can be justified.
Given clear and straightforward code/laws, it becomes hard to cheat.
Just like Healthcare and Gun control, there are industries and 3rd parties with vested interests in keeping the system complicated and hard to track or enforce so they can profit.
The consequence is that for anything moderately or more complex there is actually no correct answer on what your tax liability is. What is the value of an intangible asset? How do you define novelty for the R&D tax credit? There are thousands of intersecting rules that change your liability and many of those are up to interpretation.
You ascribe too much to malice, when it is typically just plain old politics. Representative will only vote to tax X if his/her constituent Y is excluded somehow. Add these types of items over many bills/years and you get what we have today.
Remember in 2016 when the IRS wanted to mail out prefilled tax forms that tax payers would just sign and send back for or with a check? Remember how the tax industry lobbied Congress to pass the Free File Act of 2016 which permanently bars the IRS from providing free filing services?
I suppose that wasn't malice.
What about when big corporations lobby Congress to not close loop holes?
http://www.citizen.org/documents/corporate-tax-lobbying-repo...
Call it "plain old politics" or call it "malice" but either way it's intentional.
This is not something you can fix quickly either, as with State the loss of institutional memory and all the things which should have been tracked but weren't and got lost are going to be a huge supplementary shock.
Edit: A lot of downvotes, but no examples. Such cuts are always talked about as if though they have factually happened. To my knowledge, I’ve never actually seen such a cut in the United States at the federal, state, or local level. Sometimes, there have been attempts to limit the rate of spending growth, but those seem to always fail too.
I've noticed this is a frequent occurance--one faction will try to score political points by appearing to take an action, only to capitulate at the end when fewer people are looking.
Oklahoma and a number of other states moved to a 4 day school week to cut costs. Do you include cutting teacher pensions as an education cut? I can provide significant examples of education cuts.
Freedom isn't an idea. It's an actual place. In terms of kingdoms a free peoples kingdom is a Freedom; and you don't have to pay someone for the right to exist.
Oddly enough we agree, there is a faction in the US pursuing its own agenda.
Care to explain? The most recent tax cuts that were supposed to pay for themselves haven't. So where are we on the Laffer Curve right now?
You might have more success looking at the amounts while attempting to control for more factors; but of course, you could make it worse, because statistics is hard!
I think a lot of people look at the gap between the mean and median, and think that something must be going wrong; but to me, the inequality of outcome this measures is more a sign that America is a welcome home of extremely productive people and the smarter of their direct offspring, who inevitably earn ridiculous sums of money when and where doing so is not itself reviled.
If you are earning a median wage a lot of other countries have comparable tax rates. If you are earning minimum wage a lot of other countries have lower tax rates.
On the whole, I think the tax rate is the main difference between the US and most of industrialized countries, and net immigration is hugely positive for the US.
Elaine: What do you think of the catalog?
George: I think it stinks.
Elaine: There, we just talked business.
* Imagine the IRS debating grey area scenarios like this against financial teams trained to argue deductions. The ROI quickly becomes a sewer drain.
A similar thing plays out when politicians want to cut popular social programs. They manufacture a budget crisis (typically through instituting a popular tax cut) and then solve the crisis by cutting the funding to the thing they already decided they didn’t like.
On one hand I do want businesses to pay their fair share. On the other hand I don't want to encourage massive tax agencies which must justify their numbers by auditing and harassing as many people as possible. Often small businesses that don't have to resources to defend themselves like large corporations. Very similar to police departments who justify their existence by writing tickets and have quotas set up to encourage cops to harass people. Does not seem much more than a shakedown.
And there's eventually a marginal tipping point where more money spent in audits won't net more recovered revenue. Generally the smaller the fry, the less you can recover from them.
> Two Australian Taxation Office whistleblowers have told a joint Four Corners and Fairfax investigation about a toxic internal culture where vulnerable small businesses and individuals are deliberately targeted to help meet revenue goals.
Perverse incentives.
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-04-09/whistleblower-exposes...
'The controversy began in 2013 when an IRS official admitted the agency had been aggressively scrutinizing groups with names such as "Tea Party" and "Patriots."'
https://www.npr.org/2017/10/27/560308997/irs-apologizes-for-...
So the IRS was profiling pro-profiling groups based on their extensive association with anti-tax and anti-government political currents, expecting that people who don't think they should pay taxes may well be trying to avoid paying taxes less than honestly?
According to KOS at the time, literally the only group which got their 501(c)(4) application reviewed and rejected during that "scandal" was a progressive one. Meanwhile a bunch of "tea party" associates got their 501(c)(4) (or worse 501(c)(4)) despite historical and ongoing partisan political work.
Sounds like "conservatives v twitter", where conservatives cry foul every time they get on a blocklist, and twitter replies that they can't autoban white supremacists the way they did ISIS because it'd throw out half the republican conference and a significant fraction of their followers.
All in all, just more and more examples of Wilhoit's hypothesis
> Conservatism consists of exactly one proposition, to wit: There must be in-groups whom the law protects but does not bind, alongside out-groups whom the law binds but does not protect.
[0] https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2013/5/19/1210132/-The-Only...
Though, since I wasn't aware of our financials, for all I know my parents could have just been poorly keeping track of the numbers which led to these issues.
There are lots of anecdotal reports to the contrary of what you just stated. Do you have anything more than anecdotal evidence to support your statement?
The article mentions the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (Trump's tax cuts). But the IRS budget cuts discussed in the article are actually from 2015, stemming from the kerfuffle over the IRS allegedly targeting conservative groups for increased scrutiny.
Separately, the article fails to address the nature of the additional revenue that could hypothetically have been collected. Pages 26-27 of the article address the study's finding that "the IRS collects a larger portion of proposed deficiencies when it has fewer resources." In the authors' view, that could be because "the IRS focuses on weaker taxpayer positions when its resources are limited." In other words, a larger enforcement budget leads the IRS to go after cases where the IRS is less certain it will win because the facts are more debatable. The authors do not assess the merits of those cases or whether it would be socially desirable to pursue them.
It's not clear to me what is actually being said here because engaging in transactions that reduce tax liability is legal.
We currently punish those people badly, which is wrong IMO
https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/AMZN/amazon/stock-...
"In 2017, Amazon paid close to $1 billion in income tax. In 2018, the amount jumped to $1.18 billion, accounting for local, state, and international taxes."
https://www.forbes.com/sites/stephaniedenning/2019/02/22/why...
Your quote glaringly leaves out federal....
Amazon reinvests revenue into the business which is discussed tons on this site. It also has the effect of eliminating certain types of taxes... and massively increasing taxes in other areas (like sales, use, B&O, payroll, etc...). Somehow I don't see discussion of how payroll tax at Amazon is exploding, though.
Just as I don’t want a bored cop on every street corner, I also don’t want the IRS to be staffed to maximize revenue.
It’s a balance.
I do not expect a properly staffed tax agency to.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRS_targeting_controversy
(Read the fourth paragraph of this page)
If doctors started forming non-profits to do financial engineering to get tax-exempt status, I'd sure as hell hope that the IRS would devote a bit more scrutiny than usual to practitioners of that profession.
Political groups started doing financial engineering to get tax-exempt status. The IRS started auditing them a bit more closely. I don't see the issue.
> If doctors started forming non-profits to do financial engineering to get tax-exempt status, I'd sure as hell hope that the IRS would devote a bit more scrutiny than usual to practitioners of that profession.
> Political groups started doing financial engineering to get tax-exempt status. The IRS started auditing them a bit more closely. I don't see the issue.
The country's inspector general deemed it unlawful. Given the report that came out from the investigation, there seems to be more to the audits than neutral scrutiny that is not performed on the basis of ideology.
The IRS does this all the time.
And unlike criminal law, the burden of proof is on the accused, not the state.
Or is this just a meme largely spread by a demographic who is upset that their magic internet money is, in fact, subject to taxes (or, alternatively, a demographic that thinks all taxes are theft)?
Did you know that the ominous, threatening letters sent out by the IRS to crypto traders was an indiscriminate shotgun blast of mailings sent to every Coinbase customer with an account value over a certain threshold? Did you know that the IRS wanted personal info on every single Coinbase customer until that was ruled unlawful?
So yes, thousands of presumably innocent people who "followed proper accounting practices and who reported their income correctly" were harassed by a letter from a tax agency insinuating that they had misreported crypto earnings.
IRS agents are no exception.
I want the IRS to have whatever resources are necessary to collect every tax dollar owed (but not a dollar more) according to tax statue.
You are welcome to over-report them for your own satisfaction.
I'm fine with people who are unable to contribute putting less in, I'm not fine with people who exploit the system - and before some BS about welfare queens gets injected... I also care about scale, the amount of missed revenue from corporate taxes far outweighs how people below the poverty line are able to abuse the system - right now it even seems like they're getting the sharp end of the stick to support the top earners - rather than the squeeze being on the middle class.
That’s sales speak for “others should pay even proportionally more than me”.
Ahh yes punish those who worked to provide something worthwhile and reward those who couldn't be bothered to do the same.
Taxes are a membership fee for society. I'm fine with people declaring themselves not members of the society, but they don't get to use the club room then, either.
If only you could appreciate that the US was founded protesting a 5% GDP tax rate.
* founded by wealthy landowners interested in protecting their interests
* that 5% tax wasn't going towards US infrastructure
* 200+ years have passed since, and we've gone past horse-drawn carriages
This meme needs to die.
Nobody was sitting around saying "You know what will make me richer, a decade of war with England and if we win followed up with several decades of poor trade relations". The wealthy landowners who founded this country were very much going all in on a bet where the possible outcomes were lose everything or break even. They didn't do it for the money, not that there was any money in it to do it for.
Edit: Is my statement factually incorrect or ideologically inconvenient?
Of course, actually taking that into context takes away some of the dopamine hit from trying to spread the elite hatred that is currently in vogue.
I'm not even saying there is anything wrong with disliking the elite now; just keep in mind then is then, and now is now. The issues are of course going to be different, even if there may be a shred of commonality to them.
Also if you're going to talk about context, the US tax system at the time of its founding isn't relevant at all. I know you didn't bring it up, but you are still defending something largely irrelevant. It'd be like a candidate for President of the United States defending a tithe system because it's mentioned in the Bible.
Yea, that'd be silly, instead it was "You know what, the crown isn't listening to us and we're ineligible to be lords like those fat cats in england proper, let's throw a big to-do and get invited back in at a proper rank with representation."
This is incorrect as England was providing military services to the American colony. Adam smith implies that the cost of the military was actually higher than the taxes collected.
Most corporations pay the amount of tax they owe under the law, but the law is written to allow tax evasion. The IRS can’t do anything about this.
The fix is to close several well known loopholes.
The enforcement arm, which goes after people who aren't using loopholes, but committing actual tax fraud (and stuff like non-filers), has a ROI of something like $5 for every $1 spent. Cutting its budget is like burning piles of taxpayer dollars in a barrel.
I'm all for closing down those well-known loopholes, but that doesn't mean there won't be loopholes, or just people/companies not paying what they owe.
At this stage, those of us that ARE paying our taxes are the ones being taken advantage of.
Local police pay for themselves in traffic and parking tickets, among other fees. So maybe we should keep adding cops until we've maximized fine revenue.
Or maybe marginal profit isn't a good way to measure law enforcement...
The question is, is this analogous to paying taxes? Perhaps to some extent—there are most likely enough uncollected taxes that discrimination in enforcement could be an issue, for instance. Although I expect that at the current level of enforcement, more investment would reduce that problem rather than exacerbate it. But more generally, do we see 'minor' tax cheating as being analogous to driving 1mph over the speed limit? I'm not so sure. Certainly the consequences should be proportional to the crime: small and accidental underpayments should simply result in having to pay the amount owed. But it seems to me that people (and corporations) should be required to pay all taxes legally owed, so over-enforcement in this area shouldn't be a concern until it got to the level where money was being spent that could be better used elsewhere. (Which obviously isn't the case when you're seeing a marginal profit on enforcement.)
I suppose the logical counter-argument would be that the money could be better spent by the people earning it in the first place—IE that taxes should be lower—and indeed I do expect this is the belief of most people who argue against enforcement.
I think laws should be simple and enforced. For example, raise speed limits so they are high enough that nobody has a reason to routinely break them, then draconian enforcement. Old white Grandpa weaving around should get the same penalty as young Black guy weaving through traffic.
That's because the point where $1 in IRS spending brings in $1 in government revenue is well past the optimal level.
First, it's not just government spending that matters. If you have the IRS spend $.60 and the taxpayer spend $.60 to recover $1, you're spending a total of $1.20 to get $1, not $.60. (And the burden doesn't inherently fall on people doing something wrong; it costs people money to get audited even when the audit reveals no malfeasance.)
Then you have to consider that IRS spending is unproductive. If the IRS spends $.50 and the taxpayer spends $.50 in order to recover $1, you haven't generated $1 for government programs, it's only $.50, but it costs the taxpayer $1. The collection efficiency of doing that is astoundingly bad -- in normal cases the collection overhead is <1%.
Meanwhile the amount of actual tax evasion in the US is quite low, so more audits don't result in a lot more compliance. (Tax avoidance is something else entirely, but IRS spending does nothing there.)
> Congress appropriated $11.4 billion for the IRS in FY 2018 and IRS enforcement programs collected $59.4 billion, for a return on investment (ROI) of about $5.2 for every $1 invested in the IRS.
https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/266/02.-IRS-FY-2020-C...
More generally, it seems strange to me to consider having to pay taxes owed as a cost that should be avoided. IE if the police had to spend money to catch a bank robber, we wouldn't weigh the cost to the robber of having to return the stolen money. (Which isn't to say that under-paying taxes is morally equivalent to bank robbery, but I think the analogy holds.)
No, they're what the taxpayer has to spend on accountants and lawyers when they get audited even though they haven't done anything wrong. Or have done something wrong, but by mistake, and then the government consumes $1 in total resources to correct a $.90 mistake.
> Perhaps the increased enforcement will encourage fewer people and corporations to under-pay their taxes, resulting in greater efficiency than that shown by the direct collections of unpaid taxes.
Except that major tax fraud is a rare occurrence so there is no low hanging fruit there, and most of the actual violations are mistakes as a result of tax complexity that can't be deterred because the people don't know they're doing anything wrong. You could also end up doing the opposite -- causing even more fruitless compliance costs as taxpayers preemptively spend more on accountants and lawyers but result in no additional government revenues. Or less government revenues, if the accountants and lawyers find deductions the taxpayer had been overlooking previously (e.g. because the deduction is less than the additional accounting cost required to find it, but now you're pushed to spend that money anyway).
I'm less sure about the second point, specifically that there's no low hanging fruit there. ISTM if that were true, then investment in enforcement would not show such a large immediate profit. Doesn't that by definition demonstrate that there is low-hanging fruit? If we were close to the 1:1 point then I could see the argument, especially in conjunction with your first point, but we're not.
I do generally agree with the point that the tax system (and especially filing) should be simplified though, as long as the simplification isn't in fact a regressive tax cut in disguise.
You're talking about two different things. One is what you can get directly by auditing people, the other is the deterrent effect from doing more audits. The second has nothing to do with how profitable the first is. It may have no effect at all, if ordinary taxpayers aren't even aware of how many audits are happening. It could easily have a negative effect for people who are paying attention to it, because they respond by spending more on accountants, which increases overhead (negative externality) and is at least as likely to uncover deductions they're not taking but could than deductions they are taking but shouldn't (no increase and potential decrease in government revenue).
As for the first, consider how the "profit making" nature of audits actually works. The IRS spends thousands of dollars auditing many people who haven't done anything wrong, and causes the same people to have to spend thousands of dollars themselves to deal with the audit -- or more, if the principals of a business get bogged down dealing with it, it can easily cost the business more than it costs the IRS. That's all pure overhead and leads to nothing.
Then one of the audits out of many actually finds a mistake, and it's a business with a few million in annual revenue that has unintentionally underpaid its taxes by 2%, but has been making the same mistake for years. That nets the IRS something like half a million dollars, having spent 20% of that to find it, and caused the audited businesses to spend a further 50% of that on accountants and lawyers. So you create $3.5M in overhead to collect $5M, costing you $1M and the taxpayer $2.5M, but that cost is a deduction to the business, which costs you a further $.875M. So you've created $3.5M in overhead to collect $3.125M for actual programs. That is an extremely bad level of efficiency -- more money is going to overhead than programs. But they call this a 5:1 ratio of profit to expense -- which is still pretty bad (20% overhead) -- because they don't count the cost to the business nor the cost to the government when the business takes that cost as a deduction.
Meanwhile all of the businesses that were audited, even the ones that weren't doing anything wrong, had to go out and hire those accountants, who probably found a bunch of deductions some of them weren't taking even though they could. So the next thing that happens is that the treasury takes in a million a year less every year going forward because they induced a bunch of businesses to spend more on tax accounting. That isn't an inefficiency, they're entitled to it under the law, but it's something to keep in mind for the people who only care about government revenue and not the overhead created on the business side.
If you're not aware, the reason we don't have "some sort of easy file card" isn't any choice by the IRS, it's a choice by Congress at the behest of the tax preparation industry.
Avoidance. There's no natural tax system so suggesting the law is setup to allow tax evasion is illogical.
A problem with fraud/non-file/etc. is not enough enforcement, i.e. the IRS budget.
These are separate issues.
> law is written to allow tax evasion.
The law is not written to allow tax evasion. Tax evasion is knowingly violating the law.
The word you're looking for is tax avoidance. Everyone does some amount of tax avoidance whether it be taking deductions or carefully parsing the code to work through it. That's avoidance and it's 100% legal as you mentioned.
Second, corporate taxes are dumb. They're effectively passed through the corporation to the consumer or service user or worse just passed onto labor by reducing wages and hiring to compensate.
That is not tax evasion. If the law is used to avoid paying a tax it is legal. Tax evasion is when you don't pay taxes that you should have paid and somebody often goes to jail and/or pays penalties for it.
What would that look like?
Things like that is what I think about when I hear some of the hardline comments here.
Oddly enough, the government has the information to do this for many (most?) tax payers every year and send them the forms pre-filled out ready to sign. Unfortunately, the tax prep companies fight letting the government do this.
I do suspect that a lot of "extremely simple" returns could have a pro-forma return auto-prepared by the IRS (and I'd support the IRS trying to permit that, in part because "f*%k Intuit").
The issue there isn't the IRS though, it's the tax code. The IRS is absolutely a department that needs to be staffed to maximize their revenue.
If you have an easy to navigate tax-code that doesn't require a doctoral understanding of economics, then there's not a problem for the everyday person (TBH you can also say the same thing about the law in general).
>>“Anyone opposing more police officers and equipment is breaking the law” is similar to your argument.
Here's a better statement: I believe the people who are most actively working and spending money to depower the IRS are those who seek the most to gain by hiding their financial doings. They seek to deregulate industry as a whole in the name of corporate gains while simultaneously infiltrating various branches of the government to further this agenda. These people are doing so in an (successful) effort to push more wealth from the majority into the hands of a minority. I believe this is bad for society as a whole.
Is it that you don't want IRS employees sitting around doing nothing?
Because if this resulted in losing $34B in revenue, it doesn't like they were sitting around doing nothing.
We're not there, though.
I suspect that's true, but you don't actually know that from this dataset. Some portion of the cost is born by the auditee to respond/defend against the audit and passed on to shareholders/employees/customers.
If the response costs are great with respect to the IRS's audit costs, the government could quite profitably add auditors, but have a negative overall impact on end citizens.
It's not fair to raise taxes on other people who are honest and pay because it's a pain to collect from some people.
I realize that's simplifying things some, and not all people who don't pay do so because they're sneaky or dishonest or whatever, but I think the broader point stands.
Granted, both parties are terrible when it comes to corporate interest so... they both suck - but one really has a strong tendency to advocate for balancing the books.
It's different with police officers because the number of crimes is un-countable [1] and if you point the police at anyone they'll find crimes. The same isn't really true of a W-2 employee with a 401(k). The taxes due are by definition countable and the compliance process is largely automated. You are just responsible for truing it up at the end of the year.
[1] https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304319804576389...
The same is true for our tax laws. I can almost guarantee every adult over 30 has made an error in their tax return.
There are a million examples. Here's one: do you know someone that has stayed with a friend or family member rent free? The guest should have claimed the fair rent value of this non-monetary "gift" on their tax return. But literally nobody does.
Let's take this down a level. If your friend owes you $200, and paid you back $150 because of an honest mistake, does that mean your friend no longer owes you $50 because, oops? Of course not. This is no different at the scale of the IRS.
Most AR departments will, in fact, be willing to write off some of what they're owed. There's a cost to pursuing the debts, both in employee time and in goodwill.
I didn’t read the statement as a universally applicable principle, but rather a description of the current situation.
We did it in Denmark during our new public management period. It cost us billions in tax evasion and fraud, and at one point someone did the math. Turned out our tax-agents cost 500.000 danish kroner a year, but they gave the state a net positive of 1.5-10 million Danish kroner. Needles to say, there is now support for our tax agency from every political party, even the ones that want to cut taxes. If your tax-agents aren’t needed, then downsize them, but I’m not sure that’s anywhere.
The police on the other hand are an expense you pay to avoid paying a bigger expense.
How do you factor in for the point where these agents having diminishing returns? Is it when the agency brings in as much as they cost? If so, why is that the reasonable place to employ to? The purpose of the IRS is to collect taxes to fund other agencies that don’t directly make revenue for the government.
What? How does that make sense? Why are you making that drastic of a leap? Why?
Many government agencies make no money, as they’re not profitable organizations (I’d argue the entire government is de facto a non-profit organization but that’s a separate argument). The few that are able to make money would typically do so for their own ends (like taxing gasoline for maintaining roads). The IRS is one of the few organizations that generates income for the government specifically to spread across other agencies.
What’s insane to me is people talking about this like there’s no ceiling to how much money the IRS can take or that if the IRS went to $0 per employee that would somehow be a good thing. It’s the same thing when people say NASA generates income for the country therefore we should fund it more. Be intellectually honest with yourselves, if we funded the IRS or NASA or any other entity that makes $X/employee, there is a point where that funding becomes suboptimal. And I’m not seeing anyone discuss what the optimal amount is here, it just seems like you think the amount is “more” because taxing people is “good.”
I mean, maybe I could have put it more clearly, but I think it is fairly obvious that I wasn’t advocating for what you seem to think.
I’m just not sure what strawman you’re trying to prove wrong here, or who you’re even arguing against. Unlimited funds to tax-agencies is silly, everyone agrees on that, but in both the original and my example, the result of downsizing staff to save a few million on the budget ended up costing society billions.
At a glance, I am okay with that, and the arguments put forth so far don’t really convince me otherwise, like the number of dollars per IRS employee is a meaningless metric to me because it doesn’t tell me what’s optimal for government.
Most of the money went out of the country to heavy investment companies and hedge funds who exploited the fact that our vat-repayment system went from hundreds of auditors to just two people. Something we’re now battling international banks, investment funds and pension indexes to get partly back (at another great expense).
I’m not sure what society you live in, but this was such a negative impact on ours that even our most liberal political parties, who exist primarily because they want to cut taxes heavily, support re-staffing our tax-agency.
At the moment the IRS brings in $5.2 for every $1 spent, that's $3.2 of extra revenue per $1. But their budget is being cut.
We don't need to reach to see that wherever the line is where we break even, we're not there yet.
She posits that greed and corruption have overtaken the American government's purpose, especially in the last 25 years. Money, through lobbying and other forms of influence, now dictates who the government works for. It works for large corporations, pharmaceuticals and the oil industry (for example) rather than America's citizens and workers--specifically with access to healthcare, a living wage and a clean planet.
See, we can play this game all day.
The fundamental point is this: just because people might break a law (directly or in spirit) is not an argument against having said law.
Either way the plan can be adjusted, as my sibling says, to include the revenue from subsidiaries so let's not be defeatist :)
None of them. You'll be doing business with Apple CustomerCare or whatever it's called, and they're going to pay license fees for some logo, software or what have you to those 595 companies. It's how Amazon & Co funnel their money out of Europe without hardly paying any taxes, too.
Besides, they typically already have dozens of subsidiaries that are largely invisible to most employees and business partners. This is just adding more reasons to do so.
(Source: have worked on subsidiary taxonomy of large companies before, not for tax purposes, and from the outside there is often little information, at face value, why these subsidiaries exist. Even if you asked them, it wouldn't be hard to come up with legal reasons.)
It could be illegal, but this isn't the same as comparing a few timestamps. You'd need to dive into WHY the subsidiaries exist to determine that they weren't "legal" structures.
> Even if you asked them, it wouldn't be hard to come up with legal reasons
And as I said, they might be! There are probably many reasons to split up an organization that aren't CURRENTLY worth the effort. But this suddenly makes it worth the effort and they already have the justification.
The details of what these justifications are can be interesting, but are largely specific to each entity. Here is one general example: if you have a business presence in every state, boom, 50 subsidiaries already there. Come up with a few other bogus reasons and you can easily rack up entirely legal subsidiaries that on the surface, seem like intelligent organizational choices.
1) Business A has 1B in profits with X number of employees, gets taxed.
2) Business B splits into 10 businesses with 100M in profits and X/10 number of employees per business unit, and doesn't get taxes.
A business buying from another business can reclaim the VAT.
The end usually consumer cannot.
VAT is a consumption tax.
By your logic you could reason that eventually all tax is paid by consumers because they pay the companies for the products and that includes corporate income tax and so on but whenever sales tax is low you will find that companies are more than happy to absorb the surplus as profits.
VAT is the closest governments get to taxing businesses directly on their revenue streams.
How do you explain the fact that businesses can reclaim VAT they've paid, but consumers can't?
The only explanation is that VAT is a tax paid by consumers, not by businesses.
I'm not saying that there would be no effect, but it's not a complicated one.
>> and things carry on as normal otherwise
I don't think consumers will agree with you.
It's precisely how Dollar Trees and Dollar Generals have been pushing out grocery stores in the US right now, by not offering fresh produce, meat, or other traditional loss items. Planet Money even has a podcast on it: https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2019/04/26/717665452/epis...
Imagine the grocery store in your area carrying only frozen and canned meat and produce, because that is what it would push.
In other words, if you try to do multiple $9999.00 transfers in an attempt to "fly under the radar" - you will be caught out.
Concrete example, since you mention the oil industry: Exxon makes about 22.5 cents when you buy a gallon of gas at $3.00. Meanwhile, an analysis has found that gas should be taxed an extra $4.36-7.62 per gallon to fully reflect the environmental and other harms of driving: https://www.citylab.com/transportation/2015/01/the-real-reas.... So when the government doesn't impose that tax, who benefits? Exxon benefits a little because it sells more gas and collects the $0.22 of profit on each gallon. But the consumer saves $4.36-7.62 by avoiding those taxes. Exxon's profits, about $20 billion last year, are a rounding error compared to the trillion+ dollars that consumers would pay in extra taxes to address the negative externalities of driving.
Transportation, heating, agriculture, consumer products--these are the industries responsible for the fast majority of GHGs. And these are also highly competitive, commoditized industries where most cost savings get passed onto consumers. (Facebook makes more profit than Exxon, even though Exxon's revenues are more than five times as much.) That means the savings of making pollution cheap also accrues mostly to consumers. The industries where lack of competition allows corporations to command huge margins--banking, tech, advertising, etc.--are not the ones that are primarily responsible for GHGs.
"Access to healthcare" is similar. Why do people in Sweden have universal healthcare while people in America do not? Is it corporations? No, Sweden's corporate tax rate is quite a bit lower than ours. (It's similar to the current federal rate, but in the U.S. most corporations also pay a state rate. In Delaware, for example, it's an additional 8.7%.) So who benefits by Americans not having universal healthcare? It's middle-class Americans who don't pay the high middle-class taxes that middle-class Europeans pay.
Warren's focus on corporations is a total red herring, intended to make people falsely believe that you can have universal healthcare and a cleaner planet without decreasing your material quality of life. As Jimmy Carter told us, that's not in the cards. How do we know that? Because we can look at other countries who do better on these measures, and see what they do! France has much lower GHG emissions than the U.S. and universal healthcare. How do they do it? They live in houses that are half the size; they drive tiny fuel efficient cars, and have fewer of them per household; they deal with the challenges of nuclear power; their payroll taxes on the middle class are double ours; they take public transmit more often and therefore have significantly longer commutes. But their corporate taxes are even lower than ours!
I believe that the argument here is that insurance companies are the unnecessary middleman gumming up American healthcare. Making $21b in 2018, insurance companies exist to make as much money as possible--by denying coverage when they can and paying out as little as possible. They complicate the process by requiring both the providers and consumers to get tangled up in paperwork, also slowing the process (and quality) down. Her argument there is that we could provide a better experience for all and invest that $21b of profit being leeched out back into actual coverage by going to Medicare for All.
> intended to make people falsely believe that you can have universal healthcare and a cleaner planet without decreasing your material quality of life
I don't think that's what she's intending. Her plan for cleaning up the planet involves scientific investment in clean/green industries and becoming a leader in providing those services commercially throughout the world. The US is only 20% of the problem, which is why we need an industry to really push this throughout the rest of the world--something that other countries are currently leading in.
In case your curious about Warren's approach here: https://medium.com/@teamwarren/my-green-manufacturing-plan-f...
It doesn't help that there are lots of circulating analyses about insurers and management overhead that are probably just false; for instance, a popular chart depicting a 4x increase in admin costs starting in the 1990s was debunked by Kevin Drum and others, who observed that it was probably accounting for people like MRI operators on the payer rather than the provider side.
Two things pundits say that are red flags for me that they haven't really studied health economics:
1. Blaming pharmaceutical companies and prescription drug costs, which are one of the smaller overall drivers of health care expenses in the US.
2. Blaming health insurance companies for taking an outsized and material chunk of health spending.
You could $0 out pharma and insurance companies, indenturing everyone who worked for them, and we might not be meaningfully better off. We'd be paying less, but not, like, a huge amount less; people who can't afford silver-class health insurance for a family of four today still couldn't afford it in that alternate reality.
Wow, that's a very bold accusation. Have you a single shred of evidence for this libel? Being as how this started quite a while ago, I guess all politicians and both political parties are tax frauds or employed by them:
The intended outcome is that the statistical distribution of claims all bunch up at the edge of "being as close as possible to being illegal while still being legal." Which seems to actually be a better Nash equilibrium, economically, than one where people/corporations are so afraid of the IRS that they don't claim as much as they could.
This is non-knowledge.
1. We have a system where the fed. government holds states hostage for money when it wants to bully things around. (emergencies, etc..).
2. The current system is actively encouraging people to domicile in TX, FL, WA, SD, etc... (income tax free states) and not actually live there, hoping to play the tax lottery (or move around so much they can't be convicted).
3. The "sales tax" system in the US is ridiculous. It's egregiously illegal according to our tax-once rule. If we can get a tax break on all sales tax we paid, that would be one thing, but we can't.
4. Ind. contractors are taxed in extremely unfair ways, often have no recourse to get discounts or tax breaks on health insurance.
My solution -
I say it's time to start having states collect that 25% and the feds are hands-off of taxing individuals. Beyond that it would make sense for people to declare a state of residence (one that they most want roads repaired at, police hired, etc..). Get rid of sales tax completely - it's a massive waste of time if states are getting a fair amount. Move MOST fed employees to the state level and remove major govt. contractors that are bilking the public (in the long run companies like Northrup Gruman etc.. are paying the heads billions each - there's no oversight.). Remove the national army and start creating state-armies. Re-write the constitution that changes how states operate within the federal level, and completely change the role of the federal government to be allowed to make laws that are scoped towards fairness across states. Make the fed. government in charge of analytics and cross-state environmental regulation. States would then have the right to make laws that apply to the people.
Some might say this is ridiculous but in a time where we getting to the "end of capitalism" a MASSIVE re-write to how money is moved around is damn fucking necessary.
This may be an ideal solution in theory, but it would likely be devastating in practice.
Bezos bought a 65 million dollar jet... at 20% federal sales tax that would have been 13 million dollars in revenue. He would pay more in taxes in one purchase than I'll earn in gross income in 10-13 lifetimes.
I paid a bit over $8000 in w2 employment taxes last year (21.8% of my gross income, with a 20% sales tax I'd have MORE money and yes, I would buy less crap I don't need and use once), in one purchase Bezos would have paid 1974x what I paid last year.
Never mind that under most federal sales tax proposals, a flat-rate rebate is issued monthly, quarterly or annually to everyone which greatly softens the blow for the lowest earners.
https://www.npr.org/2017/10/27/560308997/irs-apologizes-for-...
"In January 2014, James Comey, who at the time was the FBI director, told Fox News that its investigation had found no evidence so far warranting the filing of federal criminal charges in connection with the controversy, as it had not found any evidence of "enemy hunting", and that the investigation continued. On October 23, 2015, the Justice Department declared that no criminal charges would be filed. On September 8, 2017, the Trump Justice Department declined to reopen the criminal investigation into Lois Lerner, a central figure in the controversy.[1]
In late September 2017, an exhaustive report by the Treasury Department's inspector general found that from 2004 to 2013, the IRS used both conservative and liberal keywords to choose targets for further scrutiny."
Superficially it sounds reasonable. But it isn't. The US military spends $700B+ every year, often times very pointedly protecting the interests of US businesses. The state department has untold people spending billions more opening markets and making trade favorable for US businesses. By and large, the benefits to individuals is an afterthought -- what is good for US business is good for US citizens is the thinking. Large swaths of the government function is spent optimizing conditions for business activity.
So, to get to the point: why should I pay higher tax to protect the business interests of Grumman, and GE, and farmers, and Apple, etc? Apple derives far more benefit and far more directly than I do. Why aren't they paying their portion of the taxes to support it? If part of the cost of doing business is running overseas bases so we can exert influence, that cost should be built into the business expenses as taxes, instead of being externalized to John Q. Public.
The answer is, of course, the super wealthy have captured government and a large part of the media which promotes their interests.
You'll end up paying those taxes regardless. When companies are taxed directly then those taxes are baked into the prices of everything they sell, just like every other business expense. This functions like an inefficient and regressive sales tax except that, unlike normal sales taxes, buyers don't see it as a separate line-item on the bill.
That isn't true. If the assertion is that if Apple has to pay $10B/year more in taxes, than they will raise the price of their products $10B/year and keep a fixed profit, that assumes there is complete price elasticity.
In reality, they might raise the price of their products some, but that is fine -- the people who use the products and benefit from the government's expenditures to promote Apple's business interests are exactly who should be paying for them.
I don't buy Apple products, so I shouldn't be subsidizing their products via taxes.
As for calling it a regressive tax, the costs of production of the product should be built into the product price. If it is abnormally low because Apple isn't paying their share of taxes, that is a market distortion. It is regressive if you only stop at first order thinking. Apple's prices would go up, which hurts some consumers, but they would also be paying significantly more in taxes, which helps consumers.
Let's pick another example. Would it be OK with you if the government decided to donate $5B/year of crude oil to Exxon? Hey, it would make Exxon's bottom line look great. I don't think anyone (except Exxon) thinks that would be right, yet that is exactly what is being done in kind: Exxon not paying much/anything in taxes, and $B spent every year globally to keep the supply of oil flowing. (As for $5B, I just picked a number out the air).
No, I'm not assuming that. The quantity sold will decrease, of course, if the price increases. That is a hidden cost paid by prospective buyers who must now do without the good, complementing the more visible cost paid by those who continue to purchase the good at the higher price. A company's profitability (ROI), on the other hand, is relatively fixed—in the end all investments tend toward zero economic profit, or equivalently a level of accounting profit equal to the opportunity cost of the investment, assuming even a moderately competitive market. Higher-than-average profitability invites competition, while on the opposite side if profitability is low then investors put their money elsewhere and the business closes. There is some variation due to factors like brand recognition, other natural or artificial monopolies, and risk, but generally speaking a corporate tax won't be paid from the company's bottom line as most people imagine. There just isn't much flexibility in that area to begin with.
> Exxon not paying much/anything in taxes, and $B spent every year globally to keep the supply of oil flowing.
This is not a subsidy to Exxon, it's a subsidy to the people consuming oil-based products. If you want to stop subsidizing oil, fine; but that is a completely separate policy decision from where to levy the tax. Anyway it's not like you're proposing to tax Exxon specifically for the cost of keeping the oil flowing, which would defeat the point of the subsidy. A corporate income tax would spread that cost across all products, even ones that have nothing to do with oil, and be paid primarily by people who spend most of their earnings on corporate-produced goods (i.e. not the rich, who tend to spend a larger share on investments).
On the second point, yes, free oil to Exxon will lower the price of gas, and that is a benefit to the consumer. But you assume 100% of that benefit is given to the consumer. In reality, corporations keep as much of the profit as they can and either keep it in their war chest, acquire assets, or distribute it to shareholders.