IMO you wouldn't be able to come close. I'm not familiar with how much reminder text modern cards have but surely there is no way you'd be able to work out anything close to the timing rules from just cards alone.
However, there are certain rules that are arbitrary. For example, the fact that resolution order follows a "stack" is specified nowhere on cards.
There are actually several things that reference the stack. For example the reminder text for Split second ("As long as this spell is on the stack, players can't cast spells or activate abilities that aren't mana abilities.") and end the turn ("Exile all spells and abilities from the stack, including this card..."). From this we learn that normally people can cast spells and abilities, and that these go onto "the stack". And if you know what a stack is, then the resolution order follows from that.
The fact that the game is fundamentally about overwriting its own rules is why I think it might be possible.