> Anyone could've pretended to be me.
And if two people claimed to be you, it would raise red flags. Although it would not be possible to annul the earlier vote, the incident would be investigated, and in all likely hood be a widely reported news item.
In my recent memory, reported voter fraud has been in maybe a few broad categories:
Communications intended to dissuade people from voting (a notice claiming the election was moved to another day)
An ineligible person being allowed to register, but later determined ineligible and charged with a crime (a felon voting in a state where that's not permitted)
Someone voting under the name of a dead person, usually absentee, usually a relative of the deceased.
An ID requirement may solve the last one, if the fraud is happening in person, but not if absentee. And it might solve the hypothetical case where people are voting in other people's names. However, it causes real problems for people who have trouble getting a government ID. It might be reasonable to do it in concert with a program to ensure everyone can get an ID issued, but these initiatives have not often been done together. Imagine how hard it would be to get ID if you didn't have it already: if you need to go to a government office, I hope the bus goes there, because you can't drive without ID; if you don't have ID, it may be hard to get an official birth certificate, since a notary may be reluctant to certify they verified your identity; if you need to go to the records office in person, travel without ID is much more difficult; some people may not have had a certified birth, or may not know where thseir certified birth happened, or their birth name. Certainly, these conditions would bring challenges to many aspects of someone's life, but imparing their constitutional right to vote seems a step too far.