It does show up in plants (artichokes, cactuses, sunflowers, pineapples, etc.), as the angle between successive leaves/seeds/petals. This is called spiral phyllotaxis. You can make some cool art out of this idea with a strobe light,
https://www.johnedmark.com/phi/It also shows up anywhere with pentagonal (or icosahedral) symmetry, since the golden ratio is the ratio of the diagonal to the side of a pentagon. So that includes e.g. various viruses with a shape based on icosahedral symmetry.
The stuff about shells, galaxies, etc. (and the supposed advantages of this specific aspect ratio for design / visual art) is generally bullshit.