Doing it with the intention of underdelivering and ballooning costs and time to make more money is fraud though. And make no mistake, no outsourcing company goes to a tender intending to be on time and on budget. It’s not good business for them.
Cough, pharmaceutical cos, doctors, social media & search giants, car manufacturing giants. Any of these ring a bell?
[1]As in, the above (your) definition of fraud i.e. misleading customers, by deliberately under delivering and over promising. With this definition, many businesses and accepted practices are fraud.
IMO, true fraud is what VW with their cheating device. Facebook did with integrating WhatsApp profiles. Theranos did with fake IP. Opioid manufacturers do by indirectly incentivising doctors. Don't you think so too?
Yes, I agree that Tata and similar companies are on the level of Theranos.
All of it is fraud. Regardless. Promising results with the intention of not sticking to it is fraud.
You have at least a dozen comments on this thread defending these practices and pointing fingers at the likes of Theranos as if that's a good justification. If someone needs Theranos to look good they must be pretty shady. Your line of argumentation sounds very biased.