Of course, the US government would never allow Boeing to go out of business completely, as in a chapter 7 bankruptcy.
But a chapter 11 bankruptcy, in which Boeing the business survives but its current stockholders lose everything? Not inconceivable it might happen some day, and I can't see why the US government would feel it necessary to stop that. Customers only care about the firm's products and services still being available to purchase at a reasonable price, if the stockholders lose everything that's not their problem.