I can't speak for their situation but the standard here is that when a barber holds up something that looks like a cut throat razor, it's a "shavette", which actually takes a disposable blade.
Same here, and I live in a poor country. First he sticks the metal tool into some liquid, to sterilize it, then opens new disposable blade in front of you and installs it to machine.
Even if you don't get HIV from the razor you could still get one of the forms of hepatitis.
I've never seen a barber with an autoclave for cleaning his equipment.
Don't they usually have disposable blades? The barbers in Melb I go to do.