That strikes me as exactly the same model, but without the teaching aspect?
A research university is a lot closer to a non research university than it is to a research institute.
Medical school faculty, especially in soft-money positions, might never set foot in a classroom. Some of them will even have labs that are almost entirely postdocs and technicians. This doesn't seem wildly different from a research institute to me. If anything, the funding is probably less stable too, since you're on your own.
[0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Some_Institutes_for_Advanced_S...
RAND--born at the beginning of the atomic era RAND was and still can be seen as an extension of the federal government that also does work for other clients. Project Air Force, RAND's first and still biggest component is the civilian counterpart to "tell the Air Force when they're plans are stupid".
Bell Labs-- incubated at AT&T which enjoyed a near century long state granted monopoly in exchange for defense work and building out the national telephone infrastructure
There is definitely a level of irreverence towards academic standards from this kind of technologists but this is a good thing.