It is my understanding it is only necessary to make the Max 'compatible' with the 737 so nobody needed to be retrained and recertified.
They also probably could have succeeded, too, if not for other systemic problems within the company.
You say Boeing had no choice, but one choice was to acknowledge the problems, aim to keep the type certification with additional training, and negotiate with its potential customers on that basis. There is no law of mankind or nature that says Boeing is entitled to a certain number of sales at a particular profit.