Read the linked journal article; the authors don’t actually claim it is about cognitive ability, they attribute it to lower risk taking on those days.
But your point stands. The paper has nothing to do with cognitive ability. So why is it being used as evidence?
Are you able to share any that aren't (or weren't) garbage?
The remarkable thing is that it has been well known for decades, and continues to work. Many fortunes have been made by systematically exploiting it.