It can just obtain the user's consent; and, if denied, the alternative is to not phone home at all.
One typically gets packages from the distro's repository. And traffic with modern repositories uses HTTPS. So third parties don't see what packages are being used. And unless one configures a developer repository, there's never any traffic to the developer.
Also, IP addresses are considered PII under GDPR.
Edit: Still, if one cares that much about ones IP address, it's prudent to use a VPN service or Tor.
Not true. They’re only PII if they can be used to connect something to a person. It’s a minor distinction, but it is one nonetheless.
I'm like 99% sure that datasets are available that link IP addresses to all sorts of PII. And then there are third-party cookies and other trackers.