C is the wrong comparison to make here - it's extremely low level. Java or perhaps C++ would be much closer.

* Ahead of time compiled languages reduce flexibility but allow the compiler to do more reasoning about the system.

* Statically typed languages allow the compiler to reason about the assignments you make and methods you call. If the language is also AOT compiled, you avoid crashing at runtime.

* Dynamically typed languages significantly reduce boilerplate and avoid the mental effort of expressing an idea in a rigorously typed manner. It's the "hold my beer" approach.