> Sooner or later, in anything built with a computer, there's going to be polling. ... But under the hood, there's polling.

Is that true? I am reminded of this essay that goes into a deep dive of what happens under the hood with http and the underlying network I/O

https://blog.stephencleary.com/2013/11/there-is-no-thread.ht...

And at the lowest level, the network card interrupts the CPU because it has finished reading or writing data.

> Some time after the write request started, the device finishes writing. It notifies the CPU via an interrupt.

Is that polling? It seems more like a push.