He omits a lot of philosophy, science, economics, and so on, that aren't directly relevant to the literary canon.
Marx was arguably a literary genius in the same way Nietzche was, and influential in the way J.S. Mill was. He should be on the list by both accounts of what the list should contain. Not to mention, Bloom includes many authors who count Marx among their primary influences, like Walter Benjamin, Brecht, Orwell, Levi-Strauss, Sartre, Camus, and Bataille.