The Robot Operating System (ROS) has moved out of academics
techrepublic.com
techrepublic.com
Three smaller threads from 2017: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15890213
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15749546
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15530813
Quite small from 2016, but nicely counters the OP's baity title: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12080752
2013: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6867480
A similar article from last year: https://svrobo.org/a-history-of-ros-robot-operating-system/
(via https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20490740, but no comments there)
For starters, I assume the IPC protocol in 'ROS classic'/ ROS1 will be on that list, as will catkin. What else?
[0] https://oceanai.mit.edu/ivpman/pmwiki/pmwiki.php?n=Helm.MOOS...
Core MOOS is just an efficient low-overhead IPC middleware, exactly like core ROS but, in my experience, smaller and faster and easier to use. You can use it for literally any communication between multiple distributed processes, robotic or otherwise. I think ROS became more successful at first because of better branding and promotion by Willow Garage. Now it's all network effects.
MIT's Ocean AI lab, by virtue of being an Ocean AI lab, uses MOOS for marine vehicles, but other groups have used it for other things as well.