Socially though - I don't see an issue with holding major projects socially responsible for egregious failure to fix security flaws. Public criticism is part of the open source model, it's the "many eyes" defense in action. Social pressure would be appropriate if Ubuntu just said "ahh, so, a worm is stealing every user's keystrokes. There's a fix for it but we won't merge it because we'd rather spend our time working on PulseAudio and systemd. If users want to use a forked version that will stop the keylogger, they are free to do so, but we make no guarantees our future changes won't break those forks."
Such as maintainers being overloaded fixing visible issues.
You want a security oriented distribution, you picked the wrong one.
No, there isn't.
> ...actively rejecting security patches is another level of irresponsibility.
No, it's not, because the project owner has literally no responsibility to you or anyone else in the context of this project.
If you care, you need to fork and patch the project. If you're feeling generous, you can share that fork and maybe others will use it.