Whatever happened to parking permits, parking officers, and parking tickets?
Yes, something something deterrence. Again, in reality, the article explains how that played out.
Proper law enforcement isn't cheap, and if it is a profit center, you don't have peace officers, you have highwaymen.
Over here,I've never seen boots, barnacles or any such devices. Refusing to pay your ticket is just like not paying your bills. They'll send a reminder bill to your home address a few times,just in case you have forgotten or misplaced the bill/ticket, then it's over to some company that specializes in getting people to pay unpaid bills, and eventually if you still refuse you end up in court and the government makes you pay one way or another.