I used to work for a company that partnered with (and is now owned by) a non-profit called Youth Villages. They focused on in-home rehabilitation to help avoid having kids enter into foster care by working with the parents. There are a few foster care programs that target poor youth and aim to provide them with more resources and opportunities. I am not sure what other types of programs would focus specifically on childhood poverty.

I’m not sure which country you’re in, but I would argue a significant part of our socioeconomic structure is aimed at that, and has been since whenever schooling became mandatory.

It’s not perfect, and I don’t think “fix poverty” is necessarily main reason for the plans, but the effect has been to reduce it greatly compared to bygone times.

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SNAP and WIC are one of the first to come to mind. The effect of poor early life nutrition can have a measurable impact throughout a person's life.