Turns out Piketty was right: inequality in owning companies will worsen
afr.com
afr.com
As Capital/Income ratio increases, larger share of profits go to capital. This increases Capital/Income ratio even more until some kind of equilibrium is reached. This is natural progression when population growth lows down.
Most of the end consumption that generates profits comes is paid by personal income. This creates feedback effects:
1. If Capital/Income ratio keeps growing, economic growth will slow down (unless government spends more)
2. When supply of capital increases relative to demand of capital, return of capital decreases. Interest rates should fall at some point when Capital/Income ratios increases. Rates have fallen but evidence suggest that they do not fall enough to fully offset the increasing importance of capital.
If Piketty is right, we should expect slower growth, low interest rates. Lower return for capital. Technological progress provides only steady ~1% annual growth, rest comes from labor supply that has decreased. Productivity growth seems to have decreased as well.
Money printing alters just the nominal value of the currency. You can't buy more stuff by printing more money. You can decease the real wages and real value loans denominated in that currency with monetary inflation. Because the countries you mentioned had debt denominated in foreign currency they could not change the real value of their loans.
(it's common layman internet fallacy to draw back all macroeconomic discussion into money printing)