Did you read the documentation you've linked to? :D
This field you linked is only available with Radar for Fraud Teams (it says this in the last sentence of the outcome.risk_score field). This is the extra Radar feature that you need to pay insurance / extra fees for. It's not available for everyone by default. Stripe purposely removes it from the API response because they know that score is the missing link to be able to do risk assessment on your own.
So as mentioned before, this feels really dirty because they are taking your private data and are profiting from it by selling it back to you and others in the form of insurance -- and there's nothing you can do about it.