I've actually never seen those cups outside of the US, which was surprising to me as they are so pervasive inside.
Your local Jumbo sells them. Your local Action probably too. They seem to be bought by teenagers mainly.
For the non-Dutch: the stereotypical plastic cup in the Netherlands is white and much smaller than these solo-cups. The trend is towards more environmentally friendly paper cups though.
Once you notice them, you'll see them everywhere.