That's right, I'm using react-virtualized right now with a customized react-datasheet. I found it's a good first iteration, as even fully rendering 100 rows will result in pretty poor performance, so the windowing technique is definitely a must.
That said I'd really like to reach Google Sheets-like performance. Do you know how it's built?
Haven't looked at Handsontable or agGrid, will check them out.
With react-virtualized, you are already on the right path as virtual rendering - rendering only the currently visible cells - is the key in regards to the performance of DOM-based approaches. But if you want to reach google sheets performance, there is probably no way around canvas-based rendering (e.g. https://github.com/fin-hypergrid/core or https://github.com/TonyGermaneri/canvas-datagrid). Office 365 seems to use a canvas-based approach as well. The problem with the canvas-based approach is that interaction like mouse clicks and key navigation is a lot more complicated. I think one of the fastest DOM-based grids out there is https://github.com/6pac/SlickGrid. But there shouldn't be too much difference in performance to react-virtualized as both are DOM-based. Often these components are called "grid" if you search for alternatives. Feel free to contact me if you have some specific questions :-)