That said, I've never seen strtod showing up in my profiles, but I bet if I was profiling web browsers then I would see it.
Jeroen van der Zijp, developer of the lesser known FOX Toolkit, claims to have done better than the Ryu algorithm. From his changelist [0]:
> New, faster, and often more accurate floating point to string conversion. No, this is not based on Ryu paper. New method reliably generates 16 digits, and does much better rounding.
I believe this [1] is his implementation in C++. See also his paper [2]. (I believe it's not peer-reviewed, but it does appear in Google Scholar.)
[0] http://www.fox-toolkit.org/
[1] https://github.com/gogglesguy/fox/blob/77396c638c1c4e05/lib/...
[2] http://www.fox-toolkit.org/ftp/fasthalffloatconversion.pdf