I am not a scientist, but I have been following the scientists that are studying this. Chloroquine is a zinc ionophore much like the supplement Quercetin [1][2][3]. Both allow zinc to be transported into the cell, preventing or slowing the RNA transcoding process that hijacks your replicator functions. This vastly slows down the replication, allowing your adaptive immune system to get ahead of and destroy the virus faster than it can replicate.
I am not familiar with the observations around type-O blood, but I have been following the discussions on ACE2 and ACE/ACE2 inhibitors (blood pressure meds) which is interesting. The jury is still out on that one, but the theory for ARB's is forcing a binding that blocks nCoV from attaching to the receptor. [4]
[1] - https://examine.com/supplements/quercetin/
[2] - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25050823
[3] - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vE4_LsftNKM Chloroquin, Quecertin 6 mins in