- make a backup,
- have your Mac serviced; it will be returned wiped,
- try to restore from your backup - and it fails. It won't tell you why it failed, only that it failed.
The end.
I do wonder, though, what kind of integrity checks do Time Machine backups have. I've always treated TM as the first line of defence and, as such, it has worked well for me. However, in addition to TM, I have other offsite backups in the cloud for disaster recovery.
x) I haven't had my macs serviced several times, but I have restored from backups a handful of times due to, ahem, accidentally rendering the system unbootable a couple of times.
Otherwise, I don't use TM, I'm using another solution. It won't restore entire system and installed apps, just my files.
So with TM, it was Murphy I guess.
That said, a friend of mine had been complaining that TimeMachine backup didn't backup anything of his Homebrew-installed stuff...
- verify backup.
Goes right after make a backup.
Edit: I must say, when I have to send my machine in, I backup using TM, but I also image my drive.
I'm hoping that it's improved recently which I suspect would happen especially after Apple switched to AppleFS. Time Machine on HFS+ was basically hacks extending hacks extending hacks extending HFS.
It ought to be able to do these things as good as (if not better) apps like restic, borg, backblaze etc : dedup, compression, unlimited versioning (at file level), integrity checks, granular search/restore, possibility to set a cloud destination (at least iCloud).
But a lot of these things it doesn't even try to.