Also, in macOS Catalina (I don't remember if this was the case in prior versions), applications are not permitted by default to use the mic or camera and have to request permission.
These are perhaps not as good as a hardware disconnect, but I think Apple is trying to balance privacy and usability here. It is clear from what Apple is doing in hardware and software that they do care about privacy. Linux and AFAIK Windows do not provide that level of privacy, since applications have unfettered access to Cameras and Mics.
(Of course, a part of the Linux community is trying to improve this through Pipewire, Flatpak, and portals.)