Edit: There's an interesting story on what the LSU vet school lab had to go through, as they setup to run coronavirus testing for the state. I'm not aware of an article that covers all the technical/admin hurdles, but they were significant.
It's a misconception that there is just one test. There are numerous tests available, some of which are from private companies still awaiting official approval to test humans in the United States.
Testing capacity has also caught up demand in most (though not all) locations, as shown by the testing rate leveling off. This isn't like the early days where tests were so scarce that they were being rationed, although many logistical bottlenecks still remain.
Some institutions are now opting not to test people unless it would alter the response or treatment plan in some way.
Everyone that I've spoken to (on the front lines) has said that this is what's been the hospital standard since day 1, regardless of what official protocols say. Not because of testing capacity, but because of the additional ppe wasted that's required to administer a test.
Unless you've got low O2 levels and will imminently need breathing assistance, you're getting sent home without a test and orders to self quarantine.