That depends on high resolution times which have been disabled in all browsers. AFAIK.
AFAIK, Chrome's highest resolution is also in the ms range.
I have some thoughts, too, but thoughts don't amount to a working exploit. Show me a currently working exploit, that is in the open. As far as state actors developing such exploits, there are a ton of holes in that scenario at every layer in the stack.
<<you can busyloop and count iterations of that instead as a “timer”>>
Assuming you're the only job running on the CPU, which is not the case. Threads are not running continuously. But again, if there is a working exploit in the browser then show us. Talk is cheap.