"Does it have to be this way?"
Yes, pretty much.
I'm really struggling to deal with the odd economic intuition here in the comments section. I'd urge readers to start to think about how every bit of the economy is interconnected and that it just can't magically 'stop'.
"Alberta's premier, Jason Kenney, unveiled projections for the province's unemployment rate on pace to reach 25 per cent." [1] and this is in the short run!
Have a look at this jobless claims graph [2] - and it's already out of date.
Even if we could magically deal with massive reduction in GDP (maybe we can, but probably not) - the economy cannot realign itself quickly.
Such an adjustment would take decades to do organically. We have no ability to centrally re-allocate every aspect of the economy. We can do it in some parts of some of sectors - banking and finance for example (sometimes with mortgages), but even that is risky and very unfair.
It's not just 'airlines' - it's vast swaths of the economy, that take down other parts of the economy. At least travel, energy, tourism, hotels, restaurants, entertainment, most manufacturing - just to rhyme of a few are 'shut down'. That's a monster part of the economy.
" Why not put certain things like rent, utilities, mortgage payments on pause--even if just for those on furlough?"
Because everything is connected ... the money that goes to your rent, utilities, groceries, gas, it's not some magical place obviously. There are economic endpoints there, jobs, consumption, taxation - and a lot of them.
The banks employ millions of people doing lending. There are millions of people that act as landlords and who depend on that income. They're also mortgaged often. Utilities employ a lot of people, they also buy services.
And what about the people like my parents who don't rent and have no mortgage?
Consider the both the scale and timeline of the economic intervention right now: we are printing money and doling out literally Trillions of dollars (!!) very quickly, willy nilly. Unbelievable numbers. What this means is the government/central banks are realigning the economy temporarily and 'deciding arbitrarily and quickly' who is going to win and lose - and then putting off payment to taxpayers in the future - and this will last generations. This is happening on a global scale.
If that's not shocking enough - all of this is a temporary fix! All these massive bailouts won't last very long.
The various programs announced in Canada for example last about 4 months, but Covid will last probably 18-24 months.
Again: Contact tracing (with intervention) is not only a reasonable solution, it's basically the only current viable option to get going outside of a cure or vaccine.
[1] https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/jobs-unemployment-rate-covi...
[2] https://www.businessinsider.com/us-weekly-jobless-claims-rec...