rewritten apl version w/ lambdas and commute (vs assignment & parens):
{⍵/⍨⍵<50}{2*⍨⍵/⍨1=2|⍵}⍳10
1 9 25 49
About as short as I can make it, and while its longer than the pandas solution, the primitives are significantly more general (sqr, odd - why include these as language primitives?).