https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_/_Apple_contact_tracing...
My brief understanding:
- No location data is used at all
- Devices get random rolling identifiers that are shared with other devices when in close range (ie contact is made)
- Devices keep a list of which identifiers they came in contact with in the past
- If someone tests positive, their recently used random identifiers are published, and any devices with those identifiers in their list notify the user that they may have been in contact with someone who has now tested positive.
If you can devise a non-magical way that a Google, Apple, or Subway employee could use that to personally stalk someone it would be quite an interesting whitepaper.