But the thing is, it isn't algebraically guaranteed either - we still don't know if an odd perfect number exists. (I'm not sure where the "Definitely. Somewhere in 10^300 range." is coming from. There's nothing definite about the existence, only constraints that need to be satisfied if it exists)
Halting problem from a specific standpoint is a popular area of research. Microsoft Research in particular has been active in this area, and Windows device drivers and other kernel event handlers are analyzed to prove that they will halt in a reasonable amount of time to avoid locking up the OS.
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/t2-temp...
Please note that suggested odd perfect number search algorithm in Python uses an evasive predicate on a big integer which is unbounded.
This means that a typical tracer (or verifier in Turing terms) won't be able to infer the upper bound for the given example.