None of that is third party data.
NYT is the party segmenting their users and allowing segments to be targeted.
NYT is the party segmenting their users and allowing segments to be targeted.
this seems like a more than reasonable approach - actually relevant ads, not pedsonalised ads.
In the latter case, NYT does not share its customer data with google. NYT ad dept is responsible for the editorial and aesthetic signoff of all advertisements. And, arguably, less data collection overall because advertisement is not NYT's business strength.
Google segments used on Google properties = 1st-party. Google segments used on other sites = 3rd-party.
NYT segments used on NYT = 1st-party. NYT segments can't be used anywhere else because they don't make them available nor do they want to.